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Peroral infections of birds and mammals with the neuropathogenic fluke Trichobilharzia regenti
Pech, Václav ; Horák, Petr (advisor) ; Blažová, Kateřina (referee)
Migration within the body of an infected host is one of the most important parts in the life cycle of flukes, including schistosomes. Migration of avian and mammalian visceral schistosomes has been a quite well studied topic (Haas a Haeberlein, 2009), which became more attractive after the discovery of T. regenti, an avian schistosome which is able to migrate through the nervous tissues of infected birds and mammals as well. Migration of T. regenti and T. szidati schistosomula within the definitive (duck) and the accidental (mouse) hosts is the main topic of the diploma thesis. This work continues with the research of K. Blažová (Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague) who studied migration of T. regenti within the definitive hosts infected perorally with cercariae or hepatopancreases of the infected intermediate snail, Radix lagotis (unpblished). She proved that T. regenti schistosomula are able to use the central nervous system for migration to the nasal mucosa of infected birds. In our work, we focused on the early phase of migration within the perorally infected birds and mice. Invasion of esophagus by T. regenti cercariae in vitro is not conditioned by secretion of glandular products, including cathepsin B2 of T. regenti (TrCB2). Activity of TrCB2 against mucins, the main components...
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The Youth of selected infectious alimentary disease preventiv in the region Milevsko
VINKLEROVÁ, Lucie
Foodborne diseases form a large group of infectious diseases. These substantial diseases are occurring more in developing countries but they do not avoid developed countries. The originators of the disease are bacteria and their toxins, viruses, parasites and prions, whose source is an infected person or animal. The disease is passed on by contaminated soil, contaminated water and food, sometimes contaminated items. Greatest importance in the prevention of foodborne disease are nonspecific measures, protection of drinking water, safe food production, waste disposal, functional sewer system, rodenticides and insecticides measures and of course the principles of personal hygiene, certain standards of hygiene and health education of the population. Intestinal infections are preventable. The consumer can effectively protect by following the fundamental principles established by the World Health Organization. The aim of this study was to explore knowledge of foodborne disease prevention measures and compliance with these principles by adolescents in the Milevsko region. The theoretical part of the study summarizes the basic information about intestinal diseases and describes their effect on health from a variety of perspectives. The preventive measures which everyone should be aware of and apply them in everyday life to protect health are described in great detail. The paper summarizes the information about the process of spreading foodborne diseases and epidemiological measures focused on supply, routes of transmission and susceptible individuals. The theoretical part includes basic information about specific intestinal infections which are most significant for the population in the Czech Republic. Briefly described are treatment of these diseases and the most important legislative measures. In the research part quantitative research was applied by questionnaire. The research groups were students of higher secondary vocational schools and vocational schools in the region Milevsko. Three hypotheses were formulated. Statistical hypothesis testing was performed using the t test. The values of the achieved significance level are compared with a predetermined level of significance. The first hypothesis assumed that knowledge about prevention of intestinal diseases is higher among girls than boys. This statement has not been confirmed. Knowledge of the principles of prevention does not differ according to the criteria of gender. Two further hypotheses assumed that the observance of hygienic measures in the prevention of foodborne disease is higher among girls than among boys and higher for high-school graduates than apprentices. These hypotheses are valid. Precautionary principles are indeed respected more by girls than boys and high-school graduates than apprentices. The carried out research shows that adolescents in the region Milevsko have a good knowledge of foodborne infections and do known also essential preventive measures. However, knowledge of these rules does not mean they are applied in practice. The results showed that some rules, such as washing fruits and vegetables before eating, adequate boiling or roasting of food, especially hand hygiene before eating food or after contact with an animal are observed by a smaller percentage of respondents than that reported knowledge of these principles. A positive finding is that respondents comply with certain rules, without being aware of them, such as the principle of proper preservation of precooked food. Foodborne diseases are diseases which can be prevented in compliance with precautionary principles. Especially in the Czech Republic, where nonspecific principles are at a high level. It is up to each user/consumer how consistent these principles will be. Respecting preventive measures is a prerequisite for reducing the incidence of foodborne disease in the population.
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Risks of salmonellosis and prvention of this disease in public health education
VAČKÁŘ, David
This bachelor thesis deals with the origin and development of salmonellosis and the risks related to the bacterial disease. Symptoms of the disease as well as the varied ways the infection spreads are described. Risks associated to storing, processing, and taking in food are pointed out. These are related to prevention of the disease and its treatment when it develops, focused on fluid and food intake, too. The thesis includes a questionnaire survey about this diarrheal disease, with a concluding processing and evaluation of the questionnaires.
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Factors affecting quality of raw cow´s milk during milking and storage at farm
HAVRÁNKOVÁ, Iveta
Milk is one of the few products which we can use for direct consumption. Not only is it important for human nutrition as a raw product, but it also finds an increasing usage in food industry. The quality of milk is affected by various factors. This work deals only with the most important ones, which have an influence on the nutrition value as well as on the microbiological and hygienic quality of milk.
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Pathogenic Microorganisms in Meat Products
FARKOVÁ, Barbora
The aim of this work is the analysis and description of microorganisms occurring in meat products. The work is by definition enter the search character, so the method chosen as the research literature analysis and the subsequent description of findings. The first chapter focuses on the characteristics of microorganisms and their distribution in several respects. Chapter 2 is already covered by specific genera of microorganisms that have been using a wide range of literary sources characterized in detail, including representatives who may be present in meat and meat products. Introduction of Chapter 2 is devoted to foodborne illness ? intoxication and toxic infection, which can occur in humans after ingestion of improperly cooked food or due to poor storage. One of the subsections of Chapter 2 is focused on fungi, which are in search of microbiological work, often neglected, although they are very important pathogens and undesirable elements in food. Another chapter is devoted to meat technology and includes terminology that is used in this field. In addition, summarizes the basic requirements, preconditions and standards associated with the meat industry.
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